The Role Of Standardisation Of Human Rights - 1170 Words

In this essay, the writer will illuminate the role of standardisation in facilitating human rights, with particular focus on women’s rights. For a kick up, clear definitions of the key terms, standardisation and human rights will be given. The connection between the two will be further exploited in depth as the write up progresses. According to Wikipedia.org, human rights are ‘commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ It follows therefore, that women’s rights relate to the freedom and right that women are entitled to simply by virtue of being a†¦show more content†¦Statistics from The Africa Renewal Magazine (2012) revealed that women contribute 70% of Agricultural output on the continent, with particular reference to Malawi, but th ey do not have as much ownership on the land. This is because land ownership rights in Africa are largely effected by customary law which is rather preventive of the ownership of land by women. It follows that when these women’s husbands pass on, that land is taken by the deceased’s relatives according to customary law and that is a direct antagonism to development as that woman’s output is lost, together with any hope for her financial independence. In addressing the previously mentioned problems, standardisation plays a role in human rights of spelling out the exact requirements that have to be effected for the implementation process. For example, in Niger, the recent changes in the national assembly structure saw a rise in the participation of women as 15% of the seats are now held by women, according to quotaproject.org. The rights of women indicate the participation of women in politics then the role of the standard is to set the benchmark number of the seats to be held by women. More so, standardisation plays a role in setting outShow MoreRelatedKnowledge Management And The Construction Industry838 Words   |  4 Pagespressure on staff 9. Lack of a clear Return on Investment Companies employ different strategies to overcome these barriers. Some of the most common strategies are given below: ïÆ'Ëœ Management leadership and support – Leaders are important in acting as role models in any organization. A company which wants to succeed in efficient Knowledge Management should have leaders who exhibit willingness to share their knowledge and who offer their knowledge freely to others in the organization. Leaders should alwaysRead MoreA Sociological Theory Of Health And Illness1668 Words   |  7 Pagesof this unit and plays the most important role in the development of the society. Functionalist believes that medical profession possess the highest status in the society. It is because of their strenuous and long period of study, deferred gratification and vital role they play in the society by dealing with sick people, and treating them equally, professionally and ethically. Functionalists emphasized on the recognition of medical professionals through role allocation. However, Functionalism has beenRead MoreLifelong Learning and Education Quality1623 Words   |  7 PagesEach of these discourses, with all the variations and different accents within them, is mainly shaped by the different understanding of the nature of the human activity systems, one of which is the system of educational practice. Professor Bà ©la Banathy (1991), theoretician of the system and systemic changes, distinguishes the five types of human activity systems: rigidly controlled (e.g. factory production line), deterministic (bureaucratic; strongly centralised national education system), purposefulRead MoreInfluence of the Eu on Democracy in the Uk870 Words   |  4 Pagesthere would be standardisation of technical regulations and convergence of conditions between European markets. With this in mind, it saw the need for employers and employees to work together in order to achieve this. The main statement of the European social policy is the Social Charter (approved by 11 of the then 12 member states) which seeks to improve working and living conditions and ensure the effective use of human resource across the EU. This policy seeks to guarantee rights to individualsRead MoreInfluence of the Eu on Democracy in the Uk854 Words   |  4 Pagesthere would be standardisation of technical regulations and convergence of conditions between European markets. With this in mind, it saw the need for employers and employees to work together in order to achieve this. The main statement of the European social policy is the Social Charter (approved by 11 of the then 12 member states) which seeks to improve working and living conditions and ensure the effective use of human resource across the EU. This policy seeks to guarantee rights to individualsRead MoreInclusion Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment service providers have obligations to enforce the rights for fair and equitable treatment for all citizens that reflect broader global human right policies (Elkins, 2008). Worldwide human rights statements deem it unacceptable to discriminate against people because of race, age, gender, cultural or social background or disability, and this forms the basis for Australia’s standards in human rights law (Ashman, 2008; Australian Human Rights Commission, 2008; Centre for Studies on Inclusive EducationRead MoreImproving Fitness Suite Discord At Junction Hotel3320 Words   |  14 Pagesorganisational design through bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is linked to structure and hierarchy; there’s different levels of management and specific roles and relationships within that structure. Standardisation techniques were also implemented, with strict control and monitoring of rules, policies and procedures. Keeping records helped maintain control and standardisation across an organisation by allowing surveillance and storage of information such as hours worked and absence records, so that pay would beRead MoreLack Of Team Work Between Doctors And Nursing Staff1132 Words   |  5 Pagesresults in an unsatisfactory outcome. He further alluded that the breach in the barrier may result from both active and latent failures. ACTIVE FAILURES CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS LATENT CONDITIONS Failure to introduce one another and define their role at the start of the scenario (Lapse). Lack of team work between doctors and nursing staff. Steep hierarchy seen in HealthCare. Lack of organisational skills for crisis management. Taking inadequate clinical history from the patient (Violation). PatientRead MoreMarketing Strategy : The Heart Of Marketing Mix990 Words   |  4 PagesIndividual Assignment (Marketing) Introduction Product strategy lead an integral role in a firm in the area of decision making. According to Kotler (1991), product strategy is the heart of marketing mix. Adopted a suitable product strategy is imperative for a firm as it cause a direct impact on the satisfaction of the customers. The backpack presented focuses on the function for sports consumers’ needs. This report is to figure out the best comprehensive strategy to fulfil consumers’ needs and simultaneouslyRead MoreThe Classical Theories Of Organizations And Management2126 Words   |  9 PagesEven though the application of technology and standardised methods are common in workplaces these days, especially in McDonald’s, the amount of human resources has not been compromised or replaced by machines, yet. However, it can also be argued that technology may replace human labour at some point in the future. On the other hand, the level of standardisation is very high that the management would be able to underst and the results, control the outcomes, and measure efficiency of each unit, as examined

Baseball vs. Football Free Essays

If you’re like most Americans, you probably have a favorite NFL team. You probably watch football games on TV and if you live in a city with an NFL team, you may shell out the cash to buy a game ticket to cheer them on. That is to say, no matter where you live, you almost certainly watch the Super Bowl, even if it’s just to check out the exciting commercials. We will write a custom essay sample on Baseball vs. Football or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact, if you’re not wearing an NFL team logo hat, T-shirt, or jacket today, you’ll almost certainly run into someone who is. The NFL, it seems, has become an unavoidable presence in American culture. Although baseball is know as America’s favorite pastime, professional football is the country’s most popular sport, and has been since the 1960’s. According to Forbes Magazine, the NFL is economically the strongest sports organization in the world today. (Vogan, T. 2011) On the other hand, baseball legends like Babe Ruth, Willie Mays, and Roberto Clemente will always be remembered, especially for their outstanding accomplishments and remarkable sportsmanship. What happened to America’s favorite pastime sport? I grew up playing my favorite game baseball. I remember playing and dreaming of being one of my favorite players. I knew the stats of every player in the baseball league. In particularly, I loved going to the ball park, eating ball park franks, and watching my baseball hero’s play. This was the most exciting childhood memory for me. For this reason, I feel sorry for today’s children. They don’t know what it’s like to sit back and enjoy baseball, like it was back in those days. My greatest fear is that baseball is no longer America’s favorite game. What caused baseball to lose its popularity? It’s not easy to pinpoint. I can only speculate as to how this happened. For one thing, all the scandals, the controversy issues, and the trikes, fans have been disappointed by the unsportsmanlike conduct that resulted from this. The 1990 season bought major controversy. For example, Pete Rose was ruled ineligible for the hall of fame by major league baseball for gambling on games. Lets not forget about the Barry Bonds incident in 2007, that convicted him for the use of steroids in every vain of his body. Certainly, all of the steroid talk led other players down the same road. Players were randomly selected and busted on drug tests, the hitters in baseball have taken a backseat to the pitchers which no one wants to see. Another key point to why baseball is losing its swag, is because the ridiculous salaries paid to the players. USA today provided a detailed report, showing the total payroll for the New York Yankees. The payroll was at a whopping $202,689,025. The average salary for each player was $6,756. 300. (USA Today, 2011) Compared to the NFL New York Giants, total payroll was a mere $138,354,866 and averaged $2,470,622 per player. (USA Today, 2011) Consequently, this has caused a lot of controversy amongst the players, owners, and the league. Let’s talk reality, baseball owners are forking out a huge amount of money, to buy themselves a World Series. In my books you can’t buy a championship. To put it another way, NFL players must display a supreme test of strength and endurance. Unlike baseball, football has a high risk factor for injuries. When comparing the compensation of two sports, it appears the risk factor hasn’t been taken into consideration. In comparison to baseball, football has gained more popularity and amongst our generation today. In 2004 Gallup polls reported that, â€Å"64% percent of Americans identified themselves as football fans, 52% said they were baseball fans. (Isley. K, 2006 pg. 1) In the NFL, we see extremely talented NFL players. Day after day, these men go out and take a beaten. They earn the salary and gain the respect they deserve. You never hear the football league talking about strikes or walkouts. Of course, there are a few football players that embarrass the profession; but the numbers are a lot less noticeable. How many World Series can compare to the excitement of the last couple Super Bowls? The NFL has been able to make the Super Bowl not only exciting with the parity of the league, but they make it the most entertaining of all championship games. In Conclusion, in football we see talented players in the game, making less money then baseball players. They appear to be more loyal and genuine to the game of football. As a kid, I was huge fan of baseball, but I don’t love what it has become. Even though my heart will always be in baseball, I can honestly say that, â€Å"I’m a bigger football fan, at this time in my life†. It appears to be true that baseball is not nearly as popular any more as it once was. Clearly, baseball is not the favorite mass media sport anymore, and hasn’t been for the last 40 years. As television replaced radio as the preferred entertainment medium, football replaced baseball as the preferred sport to watch. References Keith, Isley (2006, August 18) Really? Is baseball less popular? Hard Ball Times, Retrieved from http://www.hardballtimes.com/main/article/really-is-baseball-less-popular/ USA Today. (2011) Salaries Databases. Retrieved from http://content.usatoday.com/sportsdata/baseball/mlb/salaries/team Vogan, Thomas. (2011, May 02,) Historians, storytellers, mythmakers: NFL films and pro football experience. Proquest Dissertation and Theses. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/862727108?accountid=87314 How to cite Baseball vs. Football, Papers

Management of Organizational Issues and Perspectives

Question: Discuss about the Management of Organizational Issues and Perspectives. Answer: Introduction: The elected business organization for this project is the Al Habtoor group. The Al Habtoor Group has developed in the United Arab Emirates. The association has earned itself a strong notoriety both locally and universally because of the vision of its Chairman, Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor. It was begun as a little building firm in 1970, is today one of the area's most regarded combinations with interests in the accommodation, car, land, training and distributed segments (Group 2016). The Al Habtoor Group is one of the UAE's most regarded and effective organizations. It utilizes a huge number of exceptionally qualified, experienced experts. Today it works in the UAE and global markets. Pretty much as the name of the UAE has ended up synonymous with exchange and venture everywhere throughout the world, the name of the Al Habtoor Group has gotten to be synonymous with element development, prove by its dedication to create and develop organizations in various parts (Group 2016). Issues within the organization: The fundamental issue which a large portion of the organizations is confronting in United Arab Emirates and particularly the Al Habtoor Group is confronting is the issue of work of the ostracize Workers. These exile specialists are having a place basically from the nations, for example, India, Pakistan, and Philippines. They move from their nation of origin to different places looking for the work and business. Furthermore, clearly the principle reason is the remuneration which they get much higher in our nation UAE. These individuals for all time get settled here and afterward work for some associations. This makes issues for our national hopefuls as they get less presentation than those of profoundly qualified specialized architect graduates, administration understudies, and confirmation holders (Forstenlechner et al. 2012). This is the significant issue thinking of the Al Habtoor Group and on having discussion with the HR Head of the organization; it was discover that they have attempted and are even constantly attempting to meet the challenges emerging with the situation of exiles, with extraordinary accentuation on the legitimate issues connected with them. Keeping up Staff Motivation and Engagement: This is another top test decided and the territory where the HR of the UAE associations ought to play a lead part. With the guide of non monetary rewards, for example, acknowledgment, expert and profession development openings, HR gives a feeling of significance inside workers and had not been seen and caught inside UAE associations (Afiouni et al. 2014). Reliance on Expatriate Workers: The whole locale confronts another basic test of their reliance on exile specialists. The populace inside the Emirates is rising constantly attributable to the expanding number of ostracize workforce settling down in the nation and human asset is required to keep up national personality inside associations (Vassilopoulou et al. 2015). Challenges relating to Islamic Prescription: A few difficulties are rising in the region of disagreements of Islamic solution with those of western human asset establishments. It is trusted that Islamic perspectives are valuable to defend social and human worries inside the association (LLC 2016). Rationale behind the selection of the organization: In UAE, the major issue has been found in the organizations is the problem regarding the management of the Human Resources. UAE associations stresses upon the need to address the prerequisite of frameworks and procedures and data and additionally gifted experts for the usage of human technique. The human asset should work cooperatively with the senior administration for defining human asset techniques. Taking this organization for this project would be able to give an opportunity for finding an effective solution for the overall human resource management in the region. Suggested improvements: By utilizing virtual classrooms, topic specialists can bestow preparing from a meeting room and national representatives go to the session from their particular branches/areas. This consolidates the benefits of separation learning for national representatives while encouraging opportune conveyance of preparing without interruption of work process. Preparing Academy can be made the cutting edge to convey preparing projects to meeting continuous advancement needs of national representatives over ostracizes and to inspire ability over the organization overall. There are new Gain Sharing Programs which are frequently utilized as a part of the organizations to enhance the execution of the workers. Use of an effective Human Resource Management System can be used by the organization. This will give them the opportunity of managing the human resources with the help of the innovative technology of the information system. The system should have three main aspects: the process perspective, the event perspective and the cultural perspective. References: Afiouni, F., Rul, H. and Schuler, R., 2014. HRM in the Middle East: toward a greater understanding.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(2), pp.133-143. Forstenlechner, I., Madi, M.T., Selim, H.M. and Rutledge, E.J., 2012. Emiratisation: determining the factors that influence the recruitment decisions of employers in the UAE.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(2), pp.406-421. Group, A. 2016. Al Habtoor Group. [online] Habtoor.com. Available at: https://www.habtoor.com/en/ [Accessed 6 Nov. 2016]. LLC, A. 2016. Al Habtoor Group LLC: Private Company Information - Businessweek. [online] Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=20704386 [Accessed 6 Nov. 2016]. Marchon, C. and Toledo, H., 2014. Re-thinking employment quotas in the UAE.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(16), pp.2253-2274. Vassilopoulou, J., Tatli, A., Ozbilgin, M., Pinnington, A.H. and Alshamsi, A.M., 2015. Identifying Effective Talent Management Policies and Practices in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Comparative Political and Economic Perspectives on the MENA Region, p.292.

Wells, H.G. The Time Machine Essays - The Time Machine, Morlock

Wells, H.G.: The Time Machine The Time Machine Herbert George Wells was born in 1866 in Bromley, Kent, a few miles from London, the son of a house-maid and gardener. Wells died in 1946, a wealthy and famous author, having seen science fiction become a recognized literary form and having seen the world realize some of science fiction's fondest dreams and worst fears. Wells mother attempted to find him a safe occupation as a draper or chemist. Wells had a quick mind and a good memory that enabled him to pass subjects by examination and win a scholarship to the Normal School of Science, where he stayed for three years and, most importantly, was exposed to biology under the famous Thomas H. Huxley. Wells went into teaching and writing text books and articles for the magazines that were of that time. In 1894 he began to write science-fiction stories. -James Gunn Wells vision of the future, with its troglodytic Morlocks descended from the working class of his day and the pretty but helpless Eloi devolved from the leisure class, may seem antiquated political theory. It emerged out of the concern for social justice that drew Wells to the Fabian Society and inspired much of his later writing, but time has not dimmed the fascination of the situation and the horror of the imagery. The Time Machine brought these concerns into his fiction. It, too, involved the future, but a future imagined with greater realism and in greater detail than earlier stories of the future. It also introduced, for the first time in fiction, the notion of a machine for traveling in time. In this novel the Time Machine by H. G. Wells, starts with the time traveler trying to persuade his guest's the theory of the fourth dimension and even the invention. He tries to explain the fourth dimension before he shows them the time machine so they don't think of him as a magician. H. G. Wells uses details about the fourth dimension to teach the reader the theory about it to capture your attention. Also Wells character the time traveler says "Scientific people", "Know very well that time is only a kind of space". In this quote he is clearly using persuasion tactics. He tries to attack there consious by saying that, scientific people know that this is only a kind of space. He says this in hopes that they will believe what he says just because other intelligent people believe the theory. This is a very primitive but still an effective way to try to persuade people. The idea is "because many people believe it, so it must be true". The people he is trying to persuade are of 19th century thinking and well to do people and they are competitive amongst other well to do people so if other rich and intelligent people believe this fourth dimension theory so the time traveler hopes this will motivate them to learn about it. The Characters in the book Time Machine are The time traveler, Filby, the psychologist, and the provincial mayor. Later the silent man and the editor come in to play. Filby is described as "an argumentative person with red hair". He has another label that Wells puts on him; he call him the "young man". The psychologist also has another label; he is "the medical man". The time traveler is described briefly when the group of intellects head down the corridor to the laboratory. He uses "his queer broad head in silhouette." When the arrive at the machine's location it is described as "Parts were made of nickel, parts of ivory, parts had certainly been filed or sawn out of rock crystal". He probably chose these characters as witnesses because they hold higher education and people would believe them from there reputations. The psychologist would be beneficiary in convincing the other that its not a hoax because he is aware of human behavior. The provincial mayor is also an intelligent man and the people elected him so if he is to believe that this works then many people would follow him. Filby is another character but never talks about his standing in society it could be his friend because he did wink at the

Causes and Events Leading up to the Revolutionary War essays

Causes and Events Leading up to the Revolutionary War essays For the past two-hundred and twenty-five years, the United States of America has been its own empire. However, prior to this time, this country was the equivalent of young child, trying to find its own identity. Great Britain was the mother country for the colonies that had settled onto North American soil during the 1600s. For a time, Great Britain guided, supported, and ruled this new world. As the colonies settled into the Eighteenth century, they entered the realm of adolescence, wanting more freedom, less rule, and more of a voice in what would ultimately be their own destiny. For over 100 years, the United States willingly accepted rule from Parliament. Yet, as Englands situation at home worsened during the mid-eighteenth century, they looked over to the new world to help dig them out of the financial trench they were in. Between the years 1763 and 1775, Great Britain placed a number of acts, taxes, and bullying schemes upon the colonies, in hopes of easing their own mon etary woes. Consequently, these actions which were being pounded upon the colonies proved to be more than they could stand. Finally in 1775, the revolutionary minds of the colonies banded together to fight for their freedom. What I plan to discuss in the following pages is what the British government did to bring the thirteen colonies of the United States to a state of revolt. At the conclusion of the Seven Years War, England had taken a financial beating. Though they were still the most powerful and prosperous nation in the world, England had doubled their national debt. Furthermore, they now had to administer the huge territory consisting of Canada and the eastern Mississippi Valley. This would also prove to be a financial burden. The British needed a solution and they thought to have found it on the opposite side of the Atlantic. The American colonies were regarded as great enterprises to be directed by those who would profit ...

Business Management : Financial And Business Activities Essay -- Managem

In business management, the goals are making a great income and developing should have a good business sense in a company. The purpose of business management shows how to improve the economy. There are two proposes that explained. First is financial purpose; gaining profit is the most important of firms in business process. Second is social purpose; it is providing goods and services for people. It is important thing to improve because of public benefits. Business is not doing all of things in the company, it just focuses on manage, how to develop and maintain business job of company, organization. For example of some activities like, build up business process, business systems, business income statement. As the result, the most important in business management is having schedule, plans of what people can do in the future. A person is working with business management always active, confident, bcompany. The opportunities will come to people who try hard to work to become a manager. I would like to find more information and sources about my research. â€Å"Resource could include magazine and newspaper articles which will display how this topic is relevant to general public†(page 56 in text book).I would like to find options from people who have experiences of business about how to become a good business management and how apply the job to the social. Over all, business management is a crucial part of our society nowadays. Every product that we use in our daily life is the results of business management. To achieve the desirable results, managers need to master specific skills in guiding his or her employees reaching the goals of the organization. A manager is considering successful when he or she can generate revenue for the company and satisfy customers’ needs.

REDD+ Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

REDD+ - Article Example The REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and + refers to conservation and enhancement of carbon stocks) program has been created to reduce carbon emissions from forest lands and to contribute towards sustainable management of the forest ecosystems. Carbon emissions resulting from degradation of forest lands and deforestation carried out for agricultural purposes, infrastructure development, and creation of pasture lands and emissions resulting from forest fires, all contribute about 20% greenhouse gas emissions. It has been well documented that such emissions will have a major impact on the global average temperature. Concrete steps need to be taken to stabilize the average temperature within two degree Celsius and the REDD program has been created with this vision. Through the program developing countries are provided results-based incentives and support for capacity building to reduce the green house gas emissions and implement strategies to conserve the natural ecosystems and more specifically the forest carbon stocks as these have the potential to reduce climatic changes (http://www.un-redd.org; The UN-REDD Programme, n.d; Vhugen, Aguilar & Miner, 2012). In order to further assist developing countries to reduce forest carbon emissions a collaborative program with the UN was launched in the year 2008. The program was initiated with nine pilot countries from 3 continents: Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Zambia from Africa; Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Vietnam from Asia-Pacific; Bolivia, Panama and Paraguay from the Latin America and the Caribbean. This program now supports operations in 44 partner countries in designing and implementing the REDD program. Additionally it also helps the participating counties to develop strategies, monitor the system effectively and provides methods, data and tools for the implementation of the program. The program is implemented country-wise and with the feedback given by other coun tries it supports the conservation of forest lands and reduces deforestation. There has been a gradual rise in the funding for the program as more countries have expressed interest in the program. In addition to the programs formulated for specific countries, the UN-REDD also supports REDD+ readiness through a Global Program in which policies and strategies are commonly developed to help countries in their REDD+ readiness efforts. The UN-REDD program also receives expertise on various issues related to conservation from three other participating organizations namely the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). (The UN-REDD Programme, n.d). Members of the REDD+ program recently recognized the increasing responsibilities of legislators in passing laws and preparing budgets and in order to strengthen the parliamentary role in reducing emissions it has introduced a Globe Legislature Forest Init iative. Through this program legislators can help in reducing deforestation and emissions by providing governmental support, law enforcement, financial scrutiny and accountability. Through this initiative legislation and policies could be shared between nations and thereby contribute to the success of the program.

Business Law - Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business Law - Questions - Assignment Example Mostly in the case of online business, an advertisement on a site suffices as â€Å"a formal offer to contract† and it becomes effective once a customer places â€Å"an order and the supplier accepts this† (Trading Online Understanding e-Commerce Contracts 2005). An online contract is enforceable in a court of law provided its terms can be confirmed through the documentation on the website and it explicitly defines the conditions for the sale. The terms and conditions of the contract should be clear, specific and unequivocally stating the jurisdiction. Such an agreement must state: 1. Obligations of both buyer or seller or in other words, the parties to the contract. 2. The amount of payment, the time of payment and the options for the mode of payment. 3. The exact details of the services to be rendered or the commodities to be sold and the dates and modes of delivery or approximate time. Two document used in this study are purchase order and sales order in Online selli ng are:. Standard Purchase Orders: Standard Purchase Order is also a form of contract, which is used to make requisitions for the purchase of goods. The terms and conditions of purchase, price, payment terms, quality specifications, terms of the warranty, location of delivery, delivery date or time etc are usually indicated on the same. Both the seller and buyer are bound to adhere to the conditions and specifications stated in the purchase and these are enforceable in a court of law. The following is a sample of the purchase order: (Picture Courtesy: http://www.ljmu.ac.uk/fin/fin_images/ai_app1.jpg) Element of contract in Purchase order in UK Online Selling are: 1) Acceptance: Seller's beginning of work on the services or goods subject to this purchase order or consignment of such goods, whichever takes place first, shall be deemed as a successful manner of acceptance of the purchase order. 2) Mutual Consent: In order for the contract to become valid, the parties to a particular co ntract

African Allele Essay Example for Free

African Allele Essay It is a fact that Central Africa is a rural area while the United States is highly urbanized. This means that diseases are more prominent in the African territory, one of which is the malaria. This widespread illness caused evolution to favor a type of change in the human body to protect it from the deadly virus. This protection is the heterozygous make up of the hemoglobin gene, where one allele is the abnormal one that causes sickle-cell anemia. When comparing three types of persons, one with homozygous normal alleles, another with a heterozygous pair, and finally one with a homozygous pair of abnormal alleles, those with the heterozygous pair would have the greatest chance of surviving the conditions of Africa. Having a pair of normal alleles would not save a human from malaria infection, and having a pair of abnormal alleles would cause sickle-cell anemia that can also kill the patient. Thus, in places such as Africa, the population has quite a number of people having the heterozygous hemoglobin gene. The lower number of sickle-cell allele carriers in the United States can be attributed to two main reasons. First, malaria is not as prominent in the United States as it is in Africa. People then did not adapt that much and this abnormal allele haven’t evolved that much. Another is the intermarriage between Africans and Americans. If an African, who carries the sickle-cell allele, would marry an American having a homozygous healthy gene, their children would only have a 50% chance of getting that trait, as compared to an African-African marriage (both heterozygous sickle-cell alleles), where the chance of getting the allele is 75%.

Pfizer Animal Health Essay -- Business Marketing Case Study, solution

Pfizer entered the animal health industry in the early 1950’s. Today, Pfizer Animal Health products are sold to veterinarians, livestock producers, and horse and pet owners in more than 140 countries around the world and used in more than 30 species. Pfizer Animal Health is committed to providing high-quality, research-based health products for livestock and companion animals. The company continues to invest more in research and development than any other animal health company. This offers opportunities for substantial growth and internal synergy. Pfizer has more new animal health products in its research pipeline today than at any other time in its history. Their products include anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious, and anti-parasitic pharmaceutical medicines, vaccines and feed additives. These products are used by cattle, swine, and poultry industries, as well as, veterinarians serving both the livestock and pet markets. The animal health segment of Pfizer accounts for approx imately 10% of their total revenues. ) Pfizer Animal Health revenues were $1,314 million in 1998. Some of Pfizer’s top selling animal health products are Rimadyl, Anipryl, Dectomax, and RespiSure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The animal health segment is served in manufacturing by the 35 production plants around the world. Their products are sold through veterinarians, drug wholesalers, retail outlets, distributors, and directly to users. Animal Health gross revenues declined 1% to 1.3 billion in 1998. (Note Appendix:) This decrease is due to continuing weaknesses in the U.S. livestock market, the poor Asian economy, and the unfavorable effects of foreign exchange. This decline was offset by growth of Pfizer products; the cattle endectocide Dectomax, the canine anti-arthritic Rimadyl, and the swine vaccine RepiSure. Pfizer is among the leading suppliers of companion animal vaccines, a $500 million market worldwide. They have over 43 animal health product candidates in clinical development. Pfizer’s Animal Health markets several feed supplements for large animals. Feed supplement product sales slowed in 1998, due in part to regulatory issues, market conditions, and competitive pressures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pfizer’s goal for both its business units is to meet the needs and exceed the expectations of all their customers. They achieve this with ongoing innovation through state-of-the-art research and development, ... ...s small, medium, large, and extra large coolers to accommodate shipments ranging in size.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government regulations are a large threat to our company. In December 1998, the Council of European Agricultural Ministers voted to ban the use of Pfizer’s antibiotic feed additive, STAFAC, throughout the European Union. It is regulations like these that can stunt our sales growth in both of our business segments. FDA requirements and reviews have increased the amount of time and money necessary to develop new products and bring them to market. Our international businesses are subject to a number of risks that are inherent in carrying on business in other countries. Some government-imposed restraints may include laws on pricing or reimbursements for use of products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another threat to Pfizer’s Animal Health segment is competition. Principal methods of competition in this marketplace vary depending on the particular product, but are mainly: product innovation, service, price, quality, and effective promotion to veterinary professionals and consumers. Pfizer is the leader in the animal health industry today. Some of their main competitors are Merck, Alpharma Inc, and Wingo Inc.

McGraw-Hill Financial Performance

It is reported that there was an 8.6% increase in the earnings per share to $2.40 for the year 2006 that due to the increase in the revenue by 4.2% amounting to $6.3 billion.   Another successful year for the McGraw-Hill, but before that, let’s take a look on the past few years where the evaluation on this research must focus. The net income of the McGraw-Hill for the year 2003 is $687.7 million.   During 2004, the net income had reached to an amount of $755.8 million, a 9.9% increase from the previous year.   In addition to this, the company’s revenue increased by 7.4% amounting to $5.3 billion. In accordance with the Emerging Issues Task Force Issue 00-10, â€Å"Accounting for Shipping and Handling Fees Costs†, the corporation had made reclassification of the revenues resulting to an increase in the revenue of $62.5 million and $62.5 million during the year 2004 and 2003 respectively. There is an increased of 14.3% in the McGraw-Hill revenue during 2005 which had reached about $6 billion.   Together with it is the increase in the net income of 11.7% reaching to an amount of $844.3 million and also an increase in the earnings per share of 12.8%.   The company had also returned an amount greater than $924 million to the shareholders prior to the increase of 14.4% compared to as before of 4.9%. Pearson PLC Financial Performance In the year 2003, changes in the company’s portfolios had made revenue to increase by  £89 million and  £24 million on the profit.   However, due to the movements of currency, there is  £181 million reduction on the revenues and  £27 million on the profits. During the year 2004, the revenues of the Pearson PLC had decreased by  £302 million and  £51 million on the profits due to the currency movements that happened that time.   However, the changes in the portfolio had made an increase of  £41 million on the revenues but still the profit dropped down by  £8 million. However, the movements of the currency in 2005 had made a positive effect on the Pearson PLC.   Regarding the continuing business basis, there is an increase in the sails by  £46 million and the profit had also increased by  £12 million.   In addition to this, the portfolio changes also made the sales to increase by  £29 million and profits by  £9 million. Also during the year 2005, the fastest growth of sales happened in comparison on the past five years of the corporation.   The sales increased by 9%.   There is also a 22% increase in the profit amounting to  £509 million and with the margins going up to 12.4%.   There is also an increase of more than 33% in the operating cash flow of Pearson and more than 50% on the free cash flow, reaching to an amount of  £431 million. These results to the most cash generated in Pearson that ever happened before.   The biggest contributor on these success is the –education- having sale of up to 12% generating an amount of  £2.66 billion and making the profit to go up by 22% to the amount of  £348 million. McGraw-Hill Stock Performance A 10% increase was approved by the Board of Directors of the McGraw-Hill Companies on the Corporation’s common stock regular quarterly cash dividend.   It was the 32nd of the consecutive increase in the annual dividend of the Corporation’s common stock. In 2004, an amount of $630 million was returned by the McGraw-Hill Companies to their shareholder.   There was a 50% increase on the dividend payments compared to the previous year (2003).   There is a new annualized rate amounting to $1.32 per share brought by the Corporation’s increase by 3 cents to 33 cents per share in the regularly quarterly dividend on the common stock.   There was a history of continued increase in the McGraw-Hill dividends for 32 consecutive years.   Also, during this year, the acquisition of the 5 million shares of its repurchase range happened on the Corporation. There was an increase of a 10.3% average on the McGraw-Hill Companies annualized total return over the past 5 years. In 2005, the expanded stock repurchase program continued for 45 million shares which is far greater than the outlook of the Corporation on 2004 of between three to five million shares.   In addition to this, it has been a 33 consecutive years of an increase in the dividend.   Since 1974, a 10.3% had been the average compound annual growth rate. Pearson Stock Performance The shareholders had approved the amount of 17 pence per ordinary share as a final dividend in 2005 and the he total dividend had reached the amount of 27 pence (adding the already paid interim dividend).   There is an increase from the previous year dividend from 25.4 pence (2004). In 2004, an adjustment of up to 5% amounting to 30 pence (57.6 cents) per share occurred and also there was an increase on the dividends by 5%. In 2003, a dividend per share amounts to 24.2 pence or 43.3 cents.   The price of the share at this year is  £5.72 and  £6.25 on the following year (2004) and on 2005, the share price is  £6.52. Stock Performance Analysis In 2004, the stock performance of the McGraw-Hill dramatically increased from 17.8% of return putting it on its peak having a record giving a 32.9% in return to the shareholders.   However, it has not been good during the year 2005 due to the currency movement thus dropping down to 14.4%.   However, it was a disaster for Pearson PLC’s stock to be performing to the down low having its percent of return down to its lowest return of 1.5%.   The stock performance trend from 2003 until 2005 has been continuously going down.   Currency movement and the changed company portfolio didn’t make a resistance for the company at these times. Long-Term Commitment Until 2005, McGraw-Hill Companies had succeeded and made the constant average return on investments through dividends of 10.3% for 33 consecutive years since 1974.   By simply looking at these numbers, the possibility of McGraw-Hill to a long-term commitment would bring up more success to the Corporation. Pearson had been facing trouble in their past years before 2003.   Those years have been tough for the Corporation.   But their claim is they had made three of their companies, namely education, business information and consumer publishing to becoming world leaders. These happenings made them to think of two things; making their operations efficient and selling of better products and services compared to their competitors.   This strategy made them sold more than  £250 million worth of products and services through combining of two or more parts of Pearson, both working together.   The results of this had reduced costs, increased revenues, assets, and working capitals that will continue planning on a long-term commitment. McGraw-Hill. (2007). The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.: Financial Statement.  Ã‚   Retrieved March 10, 2007, from http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?Symbol=MHP&lstStatement=Balance&stmtView=Ann PLC, P. (2007). Financial Statement.  Ã‚   Retrieved March 10, 2007, from http://finance.google.com/finance?fstype=ci&cid=664805      

Difference of Othello’s Behaviour in Act One and Act Two

English Literature – Othello How is Othello’s behaviour in Act Two different from his behaviour in Act One? How do you account for this change? What consequences do you think it will have? In Act One, Othello appeared to be in control of his emotions. When Brabantio confronts Othello, accusing him of stealing and raping his daughter Desdemona by means of witchcraft, Othello is calm and tells his men to stop the fighting.Although he is being accused of kidnapping and raping Desdemona, in which the person who commits the crime would be burnt to death, Othello shows that he is unafraid of danger, ready to risk everything for the woman he loves, and is able to command others despite facing the serious accusation. He is ready to face justice, and convince the Duke of Venice that he has done nothing wrong. This shows that he is brave and confident. When he speaks to the Duke, he speaks in a respectful manner.He also promises not to be distracted by Desdemona if he is allowed to bring her together to Cyprus. His manner and promise appears to us that he is a serious, sensible and rational person. However, he behaved differently in Act Two, when he arrives in Cyprus. His behaviour is sloppy. For example, he tells the people in Cyprus that, to celebrate the defeat of the Turkish fleet, they can ‘dance’, ‘make bonfires’, and ‘sport’, i. e. to have sex. He tells the people to have party time, giving license for people to behave as they like to.Unlike the serious person he appears to be in Act One, Othello seems to be overjoyed to meet his wife Desdemona in Cyprus safely and the defeat of the Turkish fleet, becoming irrational and insensitive to the people’s fear of another attack. When he comes ashore, meeting his wife, he is overjoyed, forgetting to announce the defeat of the Turkish fleet. He greets his wife, saying ‘O my fair warrior’, and kisses her several times. It appears that he has completely forgotten his promise, not to be distracted by Desdemona, to the Duke.Cassio and Iago, on another hand, have repeatedly refers to Desdemona as ‘general’s general’, and that she is ‘in charge’. This tells us that Othello is clearly distracted by his wife, preventing him from performing his duties, as observed by his lieutenant and ancient. In Act Two Scene Three, Othello admits he is not acting rationally and not performing his best. He says, â€Å"Now by heaven, my blood begins my safer guides to rule, and passion, having my best judgment collied, assays to lead the way. This tells us that Othello himself is conscious of what he is doing. He admits to acting irrationally, following his passion to rule. This shows that he is distracted by Desdemona, because only their love and marriage would lead to Othello’s overflow of passion. This may also show that Othello follows his heart, will and passion to act and rule. When Othello finds Cassio and Montano fighting, he asks Iago what has happened without confirming with others. He does not investigate thoroughly, as Iago has hidden some of the truth.He immediately takes Cassio off his office. This can be considered as an impulsive judgment. His change of behaviour in Act Two is due to the distraction from his wife Desdemona. Because of his newly-wedded wife presence, Othello is distracted and unable to perform his duties. He is led by his passion, which is affecting him because of his sexual interest in Desdemona and his joy to be reunited with her after the rough journey on the sea. Being away from Venice may also account for his change of behaviour.Since Othello remains below the Duke and Senators in Venice, he demonstrates respectful and brave manner, so that even the Duke calls him ‘valiant Othello’. However, in Cyprus, Othello becomes the person-in-command in the whole of Cyprus. The sudden swell in his authority and power may have contributed to his irratio nal judgments and actions. In Cyprus, Othello no longer has to act in the way he has promised the Duke. He can betray the Duke’s trust, because no one in Cyprus has the power or authority to stop him, or report him to the Duke back in Venice.He reveals his sloppy behaviour, and is clearly distracted by Desdemona’s presence, preventing him from acting rationally. With Othello’s change in behaviour, it may be easier for Iago to manipulate Othello and to carry out his plan to destroy Othello’s reputation. In Act Two, Othello reveals that he follows his passion to rule, and makes impulsive judgments without investigating thoroughly. Iago observes this, and therefore use Othello’s weakness to carry out his plan by telling Othello that Desdemona has been unfaithful.Since Iago knows that Othello will not investigate thoroughly if he tells him that Desdemona has been sleeping with Cassio, it will increase Iago’s success in destroying Othello’ s reputation. Other people can use Desdemona as a means to get what they want from Othello, as she has a great influence on her husband. For example, Cassio, after losing his job, hires a band to serenade Desdemona. Cassio tries to appeal to Desdemona, so that she may help him persuade Othello to give Cassio back his job.This may result in a corrupted government, with people using tactics to win Desdemona’s favour, instead of getting the job using their own talents or strength. Lastly, since Othello acts according to his passion, Iago can, by manipulating Othello, remove those who are against him, or whose who disrespects and insults him, like Cassio who calls him ‘Honest Iago’. This will result in lack of talents and observant people in Othello’s government, because all those who are against or disrespectful to Iago can be easily removed by Iago. Therefore, Othello’s government will become corrupted.

To Trust or Not to Trust, Cred essays

To Trust or Not to Trust, Cred essays In the article Video Surveillance: Invasion of privacy or reasonable response to misconduct? found on the Emond-Harnden website, an argument is posed for the reader. The content of this argument is of great import to the read, but something possibly more significant is the credibility of the website. In essence, can the information this website provides be trusted enough to direct people in their lives and sway their opinions in the way of the argument. There are many parts of an argument that must be evaluated first, before the argument can be valued as credible. According to Browne and Keeley of their book Evaluating Online Resources Healthy doubt is [a] positive self-defense (24) when it comes to evaluating an argument and its credibility. Anyone has the ability to write a website, but for that information to be admitted as credible the author must be first established as trustworthy. Many questions must be asked about the author to establish their credibility, and seeing as how this article is written by Emond-Harnden, the credibility of a whole company must be established. Emond-Harnden is a law firm that litigates for unions as well as the companies that employ them in labor disputes as well as other troubles. Already, biases can be drawn from the website, they are not writing this article to purely inform and educate the reader, but they are writing it, in part, for their own personal, profitable gain. Second, can this website be considered an authority on the information provided? In this case, a tentative yes is the answer, seeing as how this website argues cases of this exact nature to the courts and arbitrators. Even though they may argue these cases they still do so under the idea that they will profi t from their work and court battles. The authority of a website on a certain subject is one of the strongest ways to establish a websites credibility. Possibly one of ...

Global Business Cultural Analysis Research Paper

Global Business Cultural Analysis - Research Paper Example The history of Singapore is very remarkable, the nation gained independence on 9th August 1965, following its succession from Malaysia. Soon after withdrawing from Malaysia, the fledging nation of Singapore had to face tremendous economic problems. The Buddhist country fought years in order to eliminate mass employment and to achieve economic stability. To make matters worse, the newly independent country had to face ingrained problems such as scarcity of houses, land and natural resources such as petroleum. The establishment of World Trade Organization has ensured economic globalization. To cope and stay abreast in this era of globalization, Singapore has drawn up an extensive legal framework for its economic policies. September 11th events changed the world and since then Singapore has face terrorists threats posed by the Southeast Asian militant Islamic organization known as Jemaah Islamiyah, mostly abbreviated as JI. Singapore is a Southeast Asian island country, consisting of 63 islands accounting for a total land area of 712.4 sq.km. On the north of Singapore is the Straits of Johor which separates it from Malaysia and the island country is separated on the southern side from Indonesia by the Singapore Strait. Singapore is a highly urbanized country, which faces serious problems posed by land scarcity. According to June 2010 census, Singapore has an approximate population of over 5.077 million, including both permanent residents and foreign workers residing in the country. Singapore has an annual population growth rate of 1.8% accounting for both permanent residents and foreign workers. While the annual population growth rate of only permanent Singaporean residents and citizens is 1%. The inc rease in population is the major reason for posing problems such as unemployment and land scarcity to house more people. The country has a lowland terrain and has a tropical climate. Singapore

MKTG 4050 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8750 words

MKTG 4050 - Essay Example Executive Summary The present age of business markets is dubbed by many critiques as the age of consumerism and globalization. Globalization has helped in transforming the entire world into a single global village where business organizations are breaching political and geographical boundaries to reach out to new and potential markets. International expansion and new product developments are now considered to be the strategy behind every successful organization. The aspect of globalization also implies an enhanced level of competition in the global consumer markets. This has made it important for every organization to carefully undertake and formulate a policy that would help it to grab a market share in a chosen target market. The enhanced aspect of competitiveness in the market has also enhanced the level of competition as more players are resorting to this strategy, considering the saturation of the traditional markets of Western Europe and USA. The present study would include a m arketing plan for the launch of a new product in a new market. A fictitious company named Krijen Games has been chosen as the firm while the name of the product is ‘Andromeda ® 99-XD’. The product would be a technological marvel that would have features unmatched by any of the presently available product of its kind in the market. The market chosen for the study is the Indian consumer market which has been deliberately chosen considering the business potential of the nation on accounts of its strong economic growth in the recent years. The marketing plan would consist of a situation analysis which would help in analyzing the internal and external environment of the organization. A SWOT analysis would help in the analysis of the firm. In addition, the Porter’s model of five forces would be used to analyze the competitive framework for the organization in the chosen market. Finally, a primary study would be conducted with two separate sets of questionnaires. Thes e would help in devising an appropriate segmentation and positioning strategy for the Indian market. Finally, a product mix for the new product would be created on the basis of the situation analysis and the primary study that would help the firm to gain long term sustainable competitive advantage in the Indian consumer market. 2. Introduction The global markets and business environments are changing rapidity. In recent years, significant changes can be observed in the various business activities due to this changing environment of business. Globalization has made the entire world market very competitive but this has also provided a number of opportunities to the business organizations.

Museum of man- primates Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Museum of man- primates - Assignment Example It had the biggest and the flattest teeth with the thickest enamel. The front teeth of Paranthropus were relatively smaller. On the other hand, the cranium of a Chimpanzee is not as high as the one for Paranthropus. Its enamel was less thick than for the Paranthropus species. While, the size of the front teeth of chimpanzee was bigger than the ones for Paranthropus, the sizes of the jaws and the molar back teeth were relatively equal in size. The Neanderthal and the sapiens skeleton differ in specific ways. They differ in height, stature, shape of the chest and the pelvis. The Neanderthal skeleton is shorter that the sapiens skeleton which is relatively taller. Secondly, the skeleton of the Neanderthal has a stocky stature that was not as upright as for the modern man. The sapiens had an upright posture. Additionally, the Neanderthal had a funnel-shaped and flaring chest. On the other hand, the chest of sapiens was fairly uniform and was not so wide in breath. The pelvis of the Neanderthal was also flaring, a characteristic that lacked in the sapiens’ pelvis. It can be learned from the Neanderthal’s burial that they believed in life after death, and they also valued the dead. The presence of grave goods such as the bones, bison, aurochs, pigment ochre and tools justifies this fact. The Neanderthal man was the predecessor of the sapiens. They had emotions. Therefore, they practiced love. They also lived in nuclear families. It means that they valued togetherness and the well-being of their people. They used traditional medication whenever one of them was sick as evidenced by the six flower pollens obtained from Shanidar IV. The images found in the caves were for stick human beings, wild animals that the early man haunted, outlines of the hands. Man believed that the paintings of the large wild animals such as deer and aurochs would give them good luck during hunting. Paintings of stick human beings pointing

International Business strategy - NOKIA on global market Essay

International Business strategy - NOKIA on global market - Essay Example Every company is gearing up to develop new applications in their Smartphone offering which ultimately decreases scope of creating differentiation for customers. Mobile industry review has pointed out companies need to customize their offering with Android OS in order to fulfil demand of customers. High buyer power has forced companies to adopt technological innovation in Smartphone in order to achieve product differentiation. Threat of Substitutes Fixed line telephones can be classified as direct substitute for mobile phones. For example, fixed line phones play important role in big organizations in comparison to mobile phones. It can be inferred that threat of substitutes becoming lower due to mobile phone’s multi application and wider geographic coverage. Mobile manufacturing companies need to adopt more technological innovations in their offering in order to increase acceptance in big organizations and decrease threat from substitutes further. ... Some companies are using Android operating system for their Smartphone’s while others are focusing on windows phone. Fixed costs associated with smart phone market are high due to requirement of investing in latest technologies. Hence it can be concluded that market rivalry is high. Global Smartphone market condition can be explained in the following manner. (Source: Deloitte, 2012) The diagram is showing that Global mobile phone market is dominated by Android OS while Apple iPhone OS is the second largest contributor. Companies are banking on Android OS to develop new products. Mobile manufactures try to establish equilibrium between Smartphone and features. The market segregation can be explained in the following manner: (Source: Deloitte, 2012) In future Companies will face specific threat from counterfeit products. Mobile manufacturers complemented by low resorce capabilities tend to imititate features and design of Smartphone manufacturered by reputed companies such as No kia, Samsung and Apple. Impact of such threat will increase in future. For example, small companies in copycats has counterfeited Nokia X6 product and launched in the market. Picture of counterfeited Nokia X6 can be used to analyze extent of counterfeiting in telecommunication industry. (Source: Delaney, 2012) Companies need to take strict legal action against counterfeits in order to maintain not only market share but brand image among customers. PEST Analysis- Nokia Political Factors Companies needs to follow respective government rule of different countries in order achieve sustainable business growth and demographic advantage (Zikmund and Babin, 2006, pp. 12-15). Global economy is complemented by

Chronemics and Proxemics

Chronemics and Proxemics We are living in an era where communication is crucial. We are communicating in order to achieve something, to express our feelings or to sort out some problems; we communicate to get someone to do something, to behave in a certain way. We can do all these things saying nothing at all. Our body does all the talking. At this conclusion got Albert Mehrabian whose research material showed that the verbal messages without tone or inflection of the voice have only 7 % impact. The remaining 93% consists of tone of voice and other sounds occurring during the speech act and non-verbal cues, 38% and 55% respectively. Non-verbal communication falls into seven categories: Paralanguage, Proxemics, Haptics, Chronemics, Artifacts, Kinesics, Environment, Paralanguage is the science of vocal qualities that usually accompany speech. It includes the rhythm, pitch and the tempo of our voice, also our crying, snoring or laughing. Through paralanguage we can say what it is the emotional state f a person if he is sad, happy nervous or even if he is sincere. Some cultures rely on paralanguage especially on the tone of voice, to tell the meaning of the words. These languages are Thai, Vietnamese or Chinese. Proxemics refers to how near people are to something or to other people. E. T. Hall coined the term of proxemics from the Latin root prox- and the suffix -emic as in proximity and systemic. He defined it as the science that studies how people usually organize their space, their houses and the places where they work. Proxemics has three fundamental areas: space, distance and territory. According to proxemics spatial extension, Hall proposed a classification of this behavior. His theory states that the proxemic behavior covers up three dimensions: micro-, meso-, and macrospace. Microspace deals with the immediate surroundings (Proxemics:The Semiotics of Space p411) of a person, this space is considered more private, mesospace is the further proximate environment within the persons reach (Proxemics:The Semiotics of Space p411) and macrospace is the space that extends over vast territories ending by covering up cities. In what concerns the distance area of the interaction, Hall identifies four levels of distances: Intimate distance is up to 45 cm from the body, the individual does not allow everyone in this space, since it requires extensive contact. The personal distance is the invisible barrier that someone builds in order to separate him from the other people. It extends from 45 to 120 cm. The social distance ranges from 120 to 360 cm; this type of distance we often meet in classrooms and in different kinds of meetings. From 360 cm further we talk about the public distance, where the person it is outside his circle of activities, events, interests. This is the perfect distance desired by strangers. Haptics, or the tactile communication, sometimes is used to replace the speech act even if it is considered the most primitive way of communication. Edward Hall showed in his studies that there are cultures that tend to encourage touching and some cultures that do not. Contact cultures are many Central American cultures as well as many south European countries. In Thailand, Sri Lanka touching the head is restricted because the head is considered to be sacred. The nature of haptics is influenced not only by the culture but also by the relationship between the interacting people, by their age, by the situation, and the duration of the touching act, as well as by its location, if it is done in private or publicly; it is also influenced by the relative pressure of the touch and by its intentional or accidental nature. Chronemics refers to the non-verbal channel of time, especially how people perceive the notion and the value of time. It is a powerful tool to know how to organize your time and how to react in time. People agendas, their lifestyle, their patience to wait and listen are affected by the correct use of time. Time is perceived differently in every corner of the world. For people in the United States, time is something concrete, perceptible. To them it can be bought, saved, wasted and measured; they plan what they want to do and to happen. For Arabs instead, an individual who wants to know his future is seen as irreligious or insane, because in their culture only God can say what will or will not take place. Artifacts, though as irrelevant as it seems at first, are important factors of our non-verbal behavior. Our belongings show who we really are, they help us to reveal our true identity and separate us from the group. Sometimes you can recognize a persons culture by what he or she wears. You will presume clearly that a man dressed in a kimono is from Japan and a woman who wears a veil belongs to a Muslim country. The environment like all the artifacts contains information too. People only have to decode this information. The things we surround ourselves with, provide non-verbal cues which tells lots of things about us. The way, in which we decorate our house, factors such as furniture, colors, temperature, noise, and even music may have a direct effect on people. Many supermarkets strategically use the environmental factors to place products. Childrens products are placed on lower shelves so they could be easy to see and all the products that can be bought impulsively are placed near exit areas where they are more easily to grab. Kinesics is the category of non-verbal communication that includes facial expressions, eye gaze, gestures and posture. Any part of the body that can be moved also can be used to send non-verbal messages. The basic channels of kinesics are the face, hands and arms. Unlike other body parts these ones, are highly expressive. 1.2. Body Language as a Science (Kinesics) We act and react to one another through more ways than we can imagine; these ways does not always involve words. Most of the messages we send to other people are nonverbal; they include our facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, and posture. Throughout years, many scholars and anthropologists like Ray Birdwhistell were concerned with the study of this type of communication that is called kinesics, with its evolution, development and its distinctions among the cultures. A useful scheme of non-verbal behavior was suggested in 1969 by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen. They proposed five categories of non-verbal movement which are: emblems, regulators, illustrators, affect displays, and adaptors. Emblems are direct communication signals that indicate certain words; they are used especially when verbal communication is problematic. These signs made by our hands, shoulders, or facial movements may also replace a word and can stand for a reply without any verbal messages. Regulators unlike the three movements mentioned above, interact with the actions and the movements of another person. These movements form stimulants for other individual to speak quickly or to slow down while talking. We can use these regulators in a positive manner, to encourage someone to speak, or in a negative way by making him loose his interest in talking. Illustrations accompany verbal messages; they are made by our hands, head or even feet. Usually they back up the verbal message, helping us to get through a difficult idea. The term affect display stands for emotional expressions, those movements of the face or of the body that have a hide emotional content like anger, happiness, disappointment, rage. The signals are involuntary and may happen whenever something provokes an emotion even if these things are environmental factors like beautiful landscapes, thunders or sunrises. Manipulators initially were called adaptors; they represent daily behaviors that are used to make a person feel comfortable in a social interaction. These are actions that include our hands pressing something, fingers scratching the palm or playing with a pencil or a piece of clothing. The phenomenon of Kinesics has known an outstanding increase in the last decade, the ability to understand and to use nonverbal cues, body signals being a powerful tool that can help us connect with others, navigate in challenging situations, express what we really mean and thus building better relationships. 1.3. The Functions of Non-Verbal Communication The overall functions of body language as well as of the non-verbal communication are: Accenting When we interact, we pay attention to the meaning of the message. For example, when someone is angry and he verbally expresses this anger, he will accent this feeling further more by shaking his fist while talking. Moderating Moderating is the opposite part of accenting; it seeks to reduce attention on the message; you attenuate a part of the message you send, in different ways and you transform it by making it difficult to understand. Moderating happens when you talk faster than usual. Complementing Complementing is considered similar to accenting, but covers a wider part of the message. It goes hand in hand with verbal messages; when we are talking about sad things we lower our head and we use a sad tone in order to accent those sad things we are talking about. Substituting Sometimes non-verbal language is simply the best way in which you can communicate. Whenever there are things that are better left unsaid, we use the substituting function. We replace the words with non-verbal language. People are used to these non-verbal signals; they learn to identify gestures, facial expressions as corresponding with certain feelings and intentions. Contradicting Contradicting means sending non-verbal messages that disagree with what is being said. These non-verbal cues are done either intentionally, to confuse a person by changing the message or it may happen at the subconscious level when somebody tells a lie. Regulating Regulating consists of those non-verbal signals, regulators, which we use to send signals to another person. Usually these are signals related to the speech of the other individual. It is used around starting and ending speech you send some signals that will make him either speak faster or stop talking. Repeating Repeating with non-verbal cues happens like in complementing or accenting, but with a certain interval between the verbal and non-verbal communication. After you say something and there was no reaction, a gesture or a facial expression will reinforce the verbal message you sent earlier. Deceiving Non-verbal signals can be used to lie. It is not easy to send this kind of messages; you must be in perfect control of your all facial muscles in order to deceive someone. Saying you did not do it, while sounding insulted at the accusation, or rubbing your nose are only some of the signs that show the fact that you are lying.

Discomfort, Irritation, and Confusion of The Bath Essay -- Wife of Bat

Discomfort, Irritation, and Confusion of The Bath People are living robots. They follow the norm. They go with the latest trend. They walk the latest walk and talk the latest talk. Even the "brilliant ideas" that sprout from people's minds are a combination of other people's thoughts and ideas; friends, family and the media are the greatest influences. When a situation that is out of the norm confronts people, they are suddenly caught off guard, and instead of dealing with the situation, they shy away from it in attempt to return to their protective glass case; the norm. Raymond Carver forces his readers to face discomfort, irritation, and confusion through reading "The Bath". His language is dry, and the story is short. The characters do not have names, the language does not flow well, and the ending leaves the reader hanging. The message of the story is vague, and the plot lacks depth; however, the details that this story reveals through the concise language surpasses any detail that "A Small, Good Thing" reveals through its abund ance of words. To begin with, "The Bath" lacks much usage of adverbs. Adverbs typically help describe an action so that the reader better understands either the character or the situation. Clearly, the point of not including adverbs in this short story is to force the reader to focus on what happens instead of how something happens. A short story is "something glimpsed from the corner of the eye, in passing" (Carver 558). A reader should not feel connected with the characters in the story because that is not the author's main concern. An author simply attempts to convey a message through some words in a page that is arranged in ... ... intentions for "A Small, Good Thing" differ from his intentions for "The Bath". Throughout "The Bath" the reader struggles with many uncomfortable feelings, and although the reader may not immediately realize that he/she can relate to the story more than he/she knows, a relationship is present. "The Bath" does a good job of putting the reader in the characters' shoes. "A Small, Good Thing," on the other hand, provides a comforting feeling of knowing everything that happens, and knowing that everything works out at the end. Since there is a beginning and an ending to the story, the reader can conclude a meaningful message from the story and relate or apply it to his/her life. Overall, "The Bath" sets the mood of the story better than "A Small, Good Thing" because of its concise language and its focus on "the glimpse" instead of the "big picture".

Gourmet Foods Essay

Introduction: Gourmet bakers and sweets is the top food retail chain of Lahore. Lahore is the second largest city of Pakistan fabled for its customer aliment and amorousness for eating. Gourmet is the number one brand in the market of bakers and sweets due to its quality and valuable services. Before 1984, Mr. Nawaz Chattha was the employee of the Shezan bakers at the post of manager. While he was doing his job, he decided to start his own business separately because he was proficient dealer, a technical supporter and maintained check and balance in every branch. Mr. Nawaz Chattha started his business from one out let in Muslim Town with bakers in 1987. After seeing the profitable result he decided to introduce new product like sweets, milk, and ice-cream and gourmet cola. In continuous success of gourmet in providing quality service and products for the health and happiness of all family, Gourmet also started a family restaurant. Since the emergence of Gourmet bakers, it has shown explosive annual growth of more than 25% in its business. It has 1700 employees working in its all departments. It has around 95 branches and will enhance its coverage to One hundred branches making it The Largest Bakers and Confectionaries of the city as well as the country. Company Name- Gourmet Bakers & Sweets (PVT) limited. Gourmet is a private limited liability company and the information regarding its share is as follows: Registered office address: 9/D Faisal Town Lahore. Authorized Capital: 20,000,000. Paid up Capital: 50,000. CEO name: Ch. Muhammad Nawaz Chattha. CEO Address: 9/D Faisal Town Lahore. Incorporation Date: January 9, 1996. Authorized Capital Share: 200,000. Paid up Share Capital: 500 Authorized PER Value: 100 Paid up PER Value: 100 Vision: â€Å"We are a bakery company with one goal in mind to meet the needs of our customers we focus on our customers as our clients.† Mission Statement: â€Å"To provide delicious, wholesome baked foods without sacrificing health and well-being.† Company Objectives: Objectives are the guidelines which direct toward the chosen destiny. The objectives of the Gourmet are marketing objectives which are as under: 1. To build profitable customer relationship by delivering superior value. 2. To provide such products those can increase targeted markets. 3. To become a leader in the bakery and confectionary industry. 4. To provide the quality products to the target market. GOURMET Logo: Organization Structure of Gourmet: Business Portfolio of Gourmet: Portfolio Analysis (B.C.G. Matrix): Star: Gourmet bread and other bakery Pro ducts come under star as they have a high relative market share and high growth rate. They are in maturity stage of its product life cycle. Cash Cow: Gourmet Cola, Gourmet Water and Dairy Products are Cash cow products for Gourmet as they have a low market Growth rate and a high relative market share. Question Mark: Gourmet new products like Dry Milk and the same for Tea as well come under Question mark. Or any other new product that Gourmet offers or is planning to offer will come in question mark category. Dogs: Gourmet Roll and Samosa Patti have a low market Growth rate and a low relative market share therefore, these products come under Dogs and therefore Gourmet has discontinued the production of these products. Marketing Planning: Gourmet follows the company strategies which are inline with the company’s goals and recommendations. It position it self as a leader in bakery products in Lahore. Before making any plan it considers its impact on its current customers, environment and competitors’ response. It also considers current threats with in the market like loosing market sale, brand image etc before making any plans. Gourmet focuses on all the available opportunities in market related to its business like launch on gourmet cola, milk ice-cream. Once it decides its main objectives and issues then it steps forwards to the action plan which consists of detailed schedule of the entire task and their budgets. Once Gourmet finalizes its plan it implements its plan and keeps on checking its performance to control its out come. Marketing implementation: After having a detailed discussion and planning gourmet comes towards the implementation phase of their marketing strategies. In implementation the company’s formal organizational structure plays and important role. Managers not only focus on short term profits but they also consider long run market building objectives. On the other hand company also considers its culture in implementing a plan. Marketing Control: Gourmet focuses on two types of marketing controls operational and Strategic. In operational controls it checks that all the operations are in line with the current marketing strategies. Where as strategic controls focuses on long run and check the long run performance of the company. It also have an internal audit department which keeps a strict checks not only on its financial performance but also on its procedures and controls which effect in every day performance. The Marketing Environment: The Company’s Macro Environment: P.E.S.T. Analysis Political – meeting all the policies and working under the political stabilities Economical – focusing the income levels of targeted customers Social – the social class we have targeted are: Technological– accepting and using the innovations in technology for production Demography – gourmet deals with a variety of demography. It caters all kind of age groups starting from children to adults. Culture – Gourmet keeps it self in line with the local culture of Lahore. It provides different products according to local festivals events and Religious days. Lower medium Middle medium Upper medium Lower upper Upper upper The Company’s Micro Environment: Market Intermediaries Gourmet does not have any major market intermediaries as it produces and sale it products it self. It does contact market intermediaries for supply of raw materials, and products like Coca cola, Jams, Ketchup, and Juices etc. Competitors If you look at Gourmet Foods, it is a clear market leader but still Gourmet has competitors. Nirala and Shezan bakers are the competitors of Gourmet as these are the only few stores who are catering the same market as gourmet is going. They also have well established brand name and image. They are fully equipped with latest technology and manufacturing plants, but these competitors are only targeting small segments of the market. They are not upgrading themselves that is why in the race of capturing market they are staying behind the market leader â€Å"Gourmet†. Suppliers Local dairy Farms. Whole sellers. Market intermediaries. Customers Customers of Gourmet are End user of the product mostly. They buy to consume the final products and services. Customer Relationship Management The Product/Market Expansion Grid: Marketing Objectives: Goals and targets have to be monitored and met, competitor strategies analyzed, anticipated and exceeded. Through effective use of market and marketing research an organization should be able to identify the needs and wants of the customer and try to delivers benefits that will enhance or add to the customers’ lifestyle. Marketing Strategies: Gourmet bakers adopted customer’s oriented marketing strategies to attract customers as much as it can. Gourmet bakers follow differentiation strategy such as strategy emphasizes the product that is unique in the industry provides distinct advantages to the bakers. One of the prominent marketing strategy of gourmet bakers is focusing on special classes of customers like gourmet bakers is focusing on upper class, middle class as well as the lower class. Marketing Channels and Supply Chain Management: The gourmet sell there goods directly to the final user. Gourmet channel decisions directly effect other marketing decisions. Due to using on marketing channels it reduces the cost. Gourmet sales force and communication decisions depend upon how much persuasion, training, motivation and support its channel partner needs. Monopolistic Competition: Gourmet faces Monopolistic Competition in the market. There are many buyers and sellers who trade over a range of prices rather than single market price. Every Seller tries to differentiate its product to gain competitive advantage and to justify its price difference. Budgeting: Budgeting plays an important role in any plan. If a plan is not financially feasible there is no benefit to be gained from all other procedures. In Budgeting process Gourmet spends 40% of its target budget on the refurbishing of the bakery. 55% of the budget is allocated in the manufacturing of its products. 5 % of the budget is allocated to promotional activities. Gourmet focuses on an affordable budgeting method. Control: Controls are very crucial for the success of any project. Gourmet implements high quality controls through its total quality management department. Gourmet uses team based approach for new projects by using these approach tighter controls will be implemented and performance can be monitored on every step. Critical Issues: Political instability and economic conditions of the country are immensely affecting the business sector in the country. Threat of Bomb attacks in any crowded place due to Terrorism also imposes an effect which leads to decreasing sales of the business as people now think before coming out of their homes. Furthermore, terrorist activities are weakening the Pakistan economy day by day. Such kind of issues may impose a bad effect on the Gourmet business in the future Recommendations: Gourmet must use new technology like Information system to centralize its Database as its service and data requirement will greatly enhance it will need processes like Data ware housing and data mining. It can also improve its security measures by implementing security cameras Up to date scanners radio frequency bar code readers (RFID’s) will improve its departmental services efficiently and effectively. Gourmet should also work for enhancing the parking area. Gourmet should also do work for innovation in products and for the atmosphere of its stores. Gourmet Bakers have their branches only in Lahore which is the drawback of their marketing strategies. The company should also open its outlets in other major cities and spend capital on advertising the company in those cities. The company is not planning for the loyalty of its customers. They should give discounts to its regular customers in this way the customer sincerity with the company will grow. Gourmet has not advertised themselves through media; they should have adopted some other sources of advertisement such as banners, newspapers, TV channels to cater the market. Recently it has started its promotion on â€Å"City 42†.

Human motivation Essay

SCENARIO: The scenario developed for the purpose of this paper is that a person has gone through the bitter experience of losing a loved one. In this case, the other person moved away and long distance relationship was not possible due to inevitable circumstances. Now the person who has been left behind has to recover from the sorrow of their loved one moving away, conclusion of a relationship that was a couple of years old, as well as move on with his/her own life. He/she has support from family and friends; however, they prefer to be on their own for now to recover from the close attachment that was developed over the course of two years. Moving away of a loved one has left a gap in the life of the subject. For a while, they were low on self esteem considering the move as his/her own fault. To recover from this depressive state they need to motivated and lured back to life and routine. COMPONENTS OF MOTIVATION: In the given scenario the biological component would be an individual’s need to mate with a partner. While momentarily, the subject is associating this need with their loved one, however, once they are able to move then situation shall be different. The learned component is that the subject now realizes that they have been loved and experienced that emotion. In future, while establishing bonds and relationships, duplicating that emotion can be one important motivational factor or component. Finally, the cognitive component in this case is that subject is to realize that moving on is must. They have given their best to the relationship and that is all they could do. Their self-esteem suffered and getting it back is important motivational component. APPLICATION OF THEORIES: Now, viewing the scenario in light of the motivational theories and possible ways to motivate the subject to move on and get back to life. 1. Instinct theories: Instinct theory in this case points out to the elementary aspect of human relationships. That is, a person’s need to find a mate. The subject is going through a low period. However, this is expected to end as soon as they realize that they need to fill the void in their life with someone special and are willing to give anyone else a chance. This instinctive need to mate is a great motivator in itself (AllPsych, 2003). 2. Personality theories: Personality theories of motivation describe each personality and person on different dimensions. While their focus is on finding similar traits in personalities of different people, categorizing an individual makes it simpler for psychologist to approach the subjects (Boeree, 2007). In this case, the subject can be analyzed on their personality traits such as if they are optimist or pessimist, free will or determinist, has had early or late personality development etc. Once that is determined, it will be easier to understand that what motivates the individual, what amount of effort does their personality require to overcome a trauma and so on. 3. Drive/learning theories: Drive theory is also somewhat similar to the instinct theories. These theories propose that each person is driven towards a certain kind of behavior due to internal biological demand. Their actions are to reduce that drive. In this case it is applicable such that a healthy individual has to fulfill their sexual needs. Reduction of this drive is again a motivator or an incentive for the person to move on with their life (AllPsych, 2003). 4. Growth and mastery motivation theories: The growth and goal mastery theories of motivation suggest that after a person has had an unpleasant experience, they learn from that and make a conscious effort as to not to repeat the behavior in future (East Lothian Council, n.d). In this case it would be that perhaps the subject might be hesitant to commit or fully give himself to a relationship unless they have over came insecurity. It motivates them to carefully choose who they want to be with 5. Humanistic theories: Most applied Humanistic theory; Maslow’s Need Hierarchy is a good example of application of humanistic approach. The subject in this scenario will be at the level of ‘Love and Belonging Needs’. Unless needs of that level are not fulfilled, he wont be able to reach a higher level of self esteem. The subject needs help and support of family and friends or perhaps even a therapist to realize that they need to move on and let themselves go in order to move further over pyramid. Not dwelling on past is the key here (AllPsych, 2003). 6. Cognitive theories: Cognitive theories purpose that an individual’s behavior is dependant on not just their personality and needs but also on dynamic environment that they live in, the external factors acting upon them and so on (Psychological Solutions, n. d). If the subject is able to evaluate and understand the present situation from this view point, they shall come to realize that there is little role for them to play and the dynamics of the environment were unfavorable. However, if they are seeking professional help then a therapist should be able to point out that this might not be true for each experience in their life and motivate them to move on. BIBLIOGRAPHY AllPsych. (2003). Motivation In Psychology. Retrieved June 1, 2007 from: http://allpsych. com/psychology101/motivation. html East Lothian Council.(n. d). Goal Theory Of Motivation. Retrieved June 1, 2007 from: http://www. exc-el. org. uk/content/index. php/main/teaching_and_learning/everything_you_wanted_to_know_about_teaching_and_learning_but_were_afraid_to_ask/motivation/motivational_theories/goal_orientation_theory Boeree, G. (2006). Personality Theories. Retrieved June 1, 2007 from: http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/persintro. html Psychological Solution. (n. d). Cognitive Theories of Motivation. Retrieved June 1, 2007 from: http://www. psychsol. com/html/word_docs/Motiv%202%20-%20ohp. doc.